Utilizando metales en bacterias: selenio

Utilizando metales en bacterias: selenio

El Selenio (Se) se utiliza como micronutriente en muchos organismos, en pequeñas dosis, se conoce su papel en la homeostasis redox. Se utiliza inclusive cómo agente preventivo en quimioterapias. Hay tres formas biológicas de Se: Selenocisteina (Sec); 5 metilaminometil 2-selenouridina (mnm5SE2U o SeU) y; en forma de cofactor (Se-cofactor) utilizado en enzimas de procariontes que utilizan molibdeno. En este trabajo se compararon más de 5,200 genomas bacterianos completos para entender la distribución de los usos de Se en las bacterias, es un buen ejemplo de genómica comparativa y en este estudio mapean diversidad filogenética, con variables ambientales como la concentración de oxígeno, temperatura y a hábitats específicos.

Distribution of SelD and known Se utilization traits in bacteria. The phylogenetic tree is simplified to only show major bacterial taxa and branches. The four tracks (circles) around the tree (from inside to outside) represent the distribution patterns of SelD, Sec trait, SeU trait and Se-cofactor trait, respectively. The length of the colored section of each column represents the percentage of organisms that have either SelD or the corresponding Se trait among all sequenced organisms in this phylum: purple, SelD; red, Sec trait; green, SeU trait; pink, Se-cofactor trait; grey, the rest of sequenced organisms. pro. stands for proteobacteria.

Distribution of SelD and known Se utilization traits in bacteria. The phylogenetic tree is simplified to only show major bacterial taxa and branches. The four tracks (circles) around the tree (from inside to outside) represent the distribution patterns of SelD, Sec trait, SeU trait and Se-cofactor trait, respectively. The length of the colored section of each column represents the percentage of organisms that have either SelD or the corresponding Se trait among all sequenced organisms in this phylum: purple, SelD; red, Sec trait; green, SeU trait; pink, Se-cofactor trait; grey, the rest of sequenced organisms. pro. stands for proteobacteria.

 

Occurrence and composition of selenoproteomes in bacteria. The majority of selenoprotein-rich organisms (containing at least six selenoprotein genes) belong to three phyla, which are highlighted in red: Deltaproteobacteria, Firmicutes/Clostridia and Synergistetes.

Occurrence and composition of selenoproteomes in bacteria. The majority of selenoprotein-rich organisms (containing at least six selenoprotein genes) belong to three phyla, which are highlighted in red: Deltaproteobacteria, Firmicutes/Clostridia and Synergistetes.

Peng, Ting, Jie Lin, Yin-Zhen Xu, and Yan Zhang. 2016. “Comparative Genomics Reveals New Evolutionary and Ecological Patterns of Selenium Utilization in Bacteria.” The ISME Journal 10 (8). Nature Publishing Group: 1–12. doi:10.1038/ismej.2015.246.